Charge forming manifold



March 29, 1938. A. H. HooPs CHARGE FORMING MANIFOLD 4 sheets-sheet 1 Filed Aug. C51, 1937 March 29, 1938. A. H. Hoops CHARGE FOBMING MANIFOLD 1937 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 5l,

Ilmlll Summa/13b March 29, 1938. A. H. HooPs 2,112,568

CHARGE FORMING MANIFOLD Filed Aug. 5l, 1937 4 Sheets-Sheet Z nml."

I wie@ March 29, 1938. A H HQOPS 2,112,568

CHARGE FORMING MANIFOLD Filed Aug. 5l, 1937 4 Sheets-Shea?I 4 Patented Mar. v29, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT GFFICE y 2,112,563 I I CHARGE FoaMING MANIFOLD .Albert H. Hoops, Savannah, Ga. .Application August s1, 1937, serial No. 161,842.r s claims. (01123-127) The invention relates to charge forming manifolds and has as an object to provide an improvement in a device of this nature to venable the operation of an internal combustion engine utilizing oil heavier than gasoline as a fel.

It is a further object oi' the invention to provide a device of thelcharacter indicated utilizing gasoline as the starting fuel and having means to apply ample heat to a heavier .oil used as a fuel after the motor is warmed up.

It is a further object to provide a device which will fwarm up in a minimum time.

It is a further object to provide an oil heating manifold in which the exhaust gases 'will have very short and direct paths to the points of application of heat to the intake passages.

It is a further object to provide a manifold,

from the following description when read in connection with the accompanying drawings showing an illustrative embodiment of the invention and wherein: 30 Fig. l is a side elevation of an engine equipped with a, manifold of the invention, the cover plate of the latter being omitted;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the structure of Fig. l;- Fig. 3 is a detail horizontal section on line 3-3, 35 Fig. 1; Y

Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of the manifold only on line 4-'4, Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is an end View of the manifold seen from the right of Fig. 1;. 40 Fig. 6 is a vertical section on line 6--8, Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is a plan view of the intake manifold portion of the device partly broken away;

Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the structure of Fig. 'l partly broken away; 45 Fig. 9 is a plan View, and Fig. 10 is a side elevation of a baille assembly.

Fig. 11 is a side elevation of another form ot baille;

Fig. 12 is an end view of the structure shown 50 in Figs. 9 and 10; A.

Fig. 13 is a side elevation of the exhaust valve;

and

Fig. 14 is a diagrammatic view of the fuel pump circuits. i

55 As shown the main portion of the device comdate one cylinder each of the engine and they intermediate ports I8 two cylindersv each. The casting I5 is formed with openings at I9, 20, 2l to t the projecting conduits 22, 23, 24 of the intake manifold assembly, the lsaid conduits being placed in the openings I9-2I and welded therein. The interior of the casting I5 is shown as divided into two portions by means of walls 25, 26, and 21.

Between the edges 26 and 21 there is placed a valve seat 28 and an elongated flap valve 29 is mounted in bearings 3l), 3I 'to swingvinto the open position shown in Figure 6 or into position closing the elongated opening in the valve seat 28.

As shown, the valve 29, desirably of cast iron, is cast with a stiffening rib 29' to prevent parping of ,the valve under'inuence of the heat of the exhaust gases.

The exhaust ports I'I and' I8 are each formed with a wall 32 curving downwardly to meet the wall 21 whereby when the valve 29 is in the open position of Figure 6 the exhaust gases will all nd access to the enlarged chamber 33 in which the intake manifold I6 is located, said exhaust gases passing in said chamber 33 to an exhaust port 34 to be connected to an exhaustpipe leading to the usual muiiler. y

When the valve 29 is closed, the exhaust gases pass downwardly to the elongated chamber 35 and out through the port 36, Figures 4 and '6, which is also connected to the same exhaust pipe. To control the valve 29 there is shown a rod 31 leading from the dash to bell crank 38 pivoted at 39 upon a portion of the casting I5, the remainingv end of the bell crank being connected by link 4I),to an arm 4I rigidly connected to a sliding rod 42 connected at its lower end to arm 43 rigid with the valve 29.

The intake manifold I6 is shown as formed of an elongatedconduit portion 44 having the connection at one end by means of elbows 45, 46 with' conduit 22 having an opening in its side connected with a conduit 41 connected by elbows 48, horizontal portion 49, elbow-50, upwardly extending portion 5I, elbow 52, horizontal portion 58, elbows 5 4 and 55 with conduit 28.

The remaining end seen at the right of Figures 7 and 8 of conduit 44 is shown as connected by elbows 56, 51 with extension 24. The purpose of the form of conduits shown is to provide paths of equal length for fuel' to each port whereby to supply fuel ofthe same temperature to each cylinder.

'I'he entire fuel for the different intake ports is delivered to the conduit 44 through a port 58 connected by the vertical conduit with the valve chamber 59 to which fuel is supplied by the carburetors 80, 8l.

Seating upon the upper portion of the casting l5 is the valve housing 92 formed of two castings 68, 54, the former being cast with a vsocket 65 into which a projecting flange 88 on One of the carburetors 69 is to be connected to the source of supply of gasoline and -the other thereof to a source of supply of heavier oil and the valve 88 will be seated upon the appropriate seat to deliver only gasoline when the motor is cool. As the motor warms up the valve may be shifted to draw a mixture of gasoline and heavier oil or when fully warm, the valve may be placed v against the seat to close off the supply of gasoline to deliver only oil to be used as fuel to the motor. At any time when service requires, the combination of two fuels may be fed to the motor.

The two carburetors 88, 8l may obviously be controlled by a single connection to the accelerator pedal of the vehicle and the two butterfly valves will both be opened simultaneously or conversely closed simultaneously without effect upon the nature of the fuel supply otherwise than as it is controlled by the valve 88.

The manifold I8 is shown as provided in its conduit portion 44 with a rod 1I' carrying baille plates 12, 18, the arcuate portions 14, 15 of the baille plates contacting with the inner wall of the conduit.

In the remaining course of the passage of fuel through the portions of the intake manifold, bailles of the nature shown in Figure 11 at 18 are provided whereby to provide a tortuous passage for the fuel to submit the same to a maximum heating eifect. It will be seen that the path of exhaust gases into the heating chamber is direct from the exhaust ports of the motor through the elongated valve opening controlled by valve 29, and when these exhaust gases are directly delivered to the large chamber 88, or 85, a minimum y portion 44 thereof are designed to provide a substantially uniform heating effect upon the fuel delivery to each of the cylinders of the motor which is an important feature of4 the invention for smooth operation of the motor.

The casting I5 is shown as formed with a cover plate receiving flange 11 to which cover plate 18 is applied in use. Asbestos lagging of substantial thickness is provided uponthe exterior of casting I5 and cover plate 18.

To remove the valve 29 from the chamber 38 without removing the intake assembly, an opening 86 is provided in casting l5 and provided with a closure plate 81.

To supply fuel to the carburetors electrically driven pumps 19, 80, one for each carburetor, are provided. A switch 8| is shown having contacts 82, 88 one for control of each pump and a movable contact 84 controlled in common with the operating link for valve 88. The Width of contact 84 is such that both pumps 19, 80 will be in operation at all times when a combination of fuels is being drawn. y

To cause the valve 98 to b`e firmly pressed to either seat when using one fuel alone, a. past center spring device 85 is utilized.

It is obvious that to guide the operator any heat indicator as a pyrometer may be placed in the intake manifold as in 24, with an indicator on the dash of the vehicle. The location of the portion 44 of the intake assembly directly in front of the elongated port of valve 29, and the location of the portions 45 and -49 in the path of flow of the exhaustgases make ample quantities of heat available to be applied to the fuel mixture. The diameters and lengths of the intake passages maybe so chosen, in the presence of the heat available, to secure amr maximum desirable heat of the fuel mixture. 'I'he operator can therefore by adjustment of the valve 29 provide optimum heat conditions for the fuel used.

The invention may be adapted to engines of other than six cylinders by appropriate changes in the number of ports and of int'ake assembly passages in an obvious manner. v

Minor changes may be made in the physical embodiment of theinvention within the scope of the appended claims without ldeparting from the spirit thereof. f

I claim:

1. A charge forming manifold comprising, in combination: a shell having openings to register with the respective inlet and exhaust ports of an internal combustion engine; internal walls in said shell dividing the interior thereof into a heat o chamber and a bypass chamber; an intake-manifold assembly housed in said heat chamber means to introduce an explosive lmixture of air and fuel to said intake-manifold assembly; one

of said internal walls formed with a port to pass exhaust gases to said heat chamber; valve means to at will cause the exhaust gases to enter the desired one of said chambers; said shell formed with an outlet port from each of said chambers and means to at will feed an explosive mixture of air and a chosen one of a plurality of. fuels to said intake manifold assembly.

2. A charge forming manifold comprising, in combination: a shell having openings to register with the respective intake and exhaust ports of an internal combustion engine; internal walls dividing the interior of said shell into heat and ,bypass chambers; one of said walls formed with an -elongated port extending past said exhaust openings to provide direct flow from a plurality of said openings into said heat chamber; ajvalve to control said port and by closure thereof to direct exhaust gases to said bypass chamber; an intake assembly formed of material of high heat conductivity housed in said heat chamber in front of. said elongated port, and having passages secured in said intake-port-reglstering openings;

and means to at will feed an explosive mixture of air and gasoline or oil to said intake assembly.

3z A charge forming manifold comprising, in combination: a shell formed with openings to register with the intake and exhaust ports of an internal combustion engine, internal walls dividing said shell into a heat chamber and a bypass chamber; an intake assembly housed in said heat chamber comprising a conduit to be placed into communication with carburetion apparatus; conduits to be placed into communicationrespectively with the said intake openings and conduit means connecting each of the said last named conduits with the carburetor conduit formed to provide paths for fuel of equal length from the carburetor conduit to the respective intake conduits; one of said internal Walls provided with a port; a passage from each of said exhaust-portregistering openings leading to said port to conduct exhaust gases to said heat-chamber; a valve controlling said last named port to direct the exhaust gases into said bypass chamber and means to at will feed an explosive mixture of air and either gasoline or heavier oil to said intake assembly.

4. A charge forming manifold comprising, in combination: a shell having openings to register with the intake and exhaust ports respectively of an internal combustion engine; an interior vertical longitudinal wall spaced from said openings; other internal walls extending from the lower edge of said vertical wall to completely divide said shell into a heat chamber and a bypass chamber; lateral extensions of said vertical wall 'surrounding the exhaust port registering openings of said shell; said vertical Wall having an elongated port extending continuously past a plurality of said exhaust passages to provide a substantially direct path for gases from each of said exhaust ports to said heat chamber; an elongated flap valve pivoted adjacent its lower edge to control said port whereby said valve when opened closes the opening into said bypass chamber and directs gases to said heating chamber; an intake assembly housed in said heat chamber and having conduit extensions secured in each of said intake port-registering openings; means to introduce at will an explosive mixture of either light or heavy fuel and air into said intake assembly; and means to control said flap valve.

5. A charge forming manifold comprising, in combination: a shell having openings to register with the intake and exhaust ports of an internal combustion engine; an opening to communicate with carburetor apparatus; means dividing the interior of the shell into heat and bypass chambers, each of said chambers having an outlet opening to be placed into communication with an exhaust pipe; an intake assembly of copper piping housed in said heat chamber and having extensions secured in each of said intake-registering openings and an extension to be placed in communication with carburetor apparatus; a valve chamber seating upon said shell having a valve chamber therein provided with opposite ports; a sliding valve in said chamber to seat upon said ports alternatively; a carburetor to supply fuel mixtures of different character to each of said opposite facing ports; an electric pump to supply fuel to each of said carburetors; switch means to control the motors driving said respective pumps; common means to control said switch means and said valve whereby when either kind of fuel is being supplied by its pump with the valve in full open position for said fuel the remaining pump is quiet.

6. A charge forming manifold comprising, in combination: means to heat a fuel mixture by exhaust gases; means to accurately control the amount of heat applied to said mixture; a plurality of carburetors each connected to supply a different grade of fuel to said heating means; valve means adjustable to supply at will one only of said different fuels or any desired percentage mixture of different fuels; electric pumps to supply fuel to said carburetors; switch means to control said pumps operable in common with the control of said valve means; said switch means having a slidable contact to bridge contacts for each of said pumps in all intermediate positions of said valve for delivering mixtures of fuel and in extreme positions of said valve to put out of operation the appropriate pump.

7. A charge forming manifold comprising, in combination: means to heat a fuel mixture by exhaust gases; means to accurately control the amount of heat applied to said mixture; a plurality of carburetors each connected to supply a different grade of fuel to said heating means; valve means adjustable to supply at will one only of said different fuels or any desired percentage mixture of dii-ferent fuels; pumps to supply fuels to said carburetors; means to control said pumps operable in common with the control of said valve means; said pump control means including means to cause operation of each of said pumps in all intermediate positions of said valve means for delivering mixtures of fuel, and in extreme positions of said valve to put out of operation the appropriate pump.

8. A charge forming manifold comprising, in combination: an elongated shell having an open side and a cover plate for closing said side; heat insulating layers covering said shell and said cover plate respectively; internal wall structure dividing said shell longitudinally into heat and bypass chambers; said shell formed with openings to register with the intake and exhaust ports respectively of an internal combustion engine;

,intake conduits in said heating chamber formed with passages in communication with said intake registering openings and a passage for carburetor connection, an elongated valve opening extending past a plurality of said exhaust-port-registering openings; a flap Valve hinged at an edge of said elongated port to dei-lect gases into said heat chamber or said bypass chamber at will; said shell formed with an opening at an end opposite said valve structure for removal of the valve without disassembly of the structure; said shell having vopenings from the respective chambers to be placed in communication with an exhaust pipe a plurality of carburetors connected to said passage and fed with fuels of differing boiling points; and means to draw from a chosen one of said carburetors at Will.

ALBERT H. HOOPS. 

